Enhanced descriptions from Syndetics:

The availability of electric lighting has changed the lives of people the world over and lighting is a major consumer of energy, yet little has been written about the forms of lighting that can alter human visual capabilities and enhance productivity, ensure comfort and create appropriate lighting conditions. It is important to understand the forms of lighting available, and their appropriateness to specific activities, in order to apply the technology most effectively.

This book is a comprehensive review of the interaction of people and lighting and supercedes the author's classic Human Factors in Lighting. The technology has changed markedly in recent years with the introduction of new light sources and new methods of light distribution. The significance of specialist lighting applications, such as photobiology, are now becoming better understood. The nature of work itself has changed, and hence so have lighting requirements. Equally, the development of the technology has created new opportunities for improving peoples' work and leisure environments.

Table of contents provided by Syndetics

• Preface (p. xv)
• Acknowledgments (p. xvii)
• Part I Fundamentals (p. 1)
• 1 Light (p. 3)
• 1.1 Introduction (p. 3)
• 1.2 Light and radiation (p. 3)
• 1.3 The CIE standard observers (p. 5)
• 1.4 Photometric quantities (p. 6)
• 1.5 Some limitations (p. 10)
• 1.6 Colorimetric quantities (p. 12)
• 1.6.1 The CIE colorimetry system (p. 12)
• 1.6.2 Color order systems (p. 18)
• 1.6.3 Application metrics (p. 21)
• 1.7 Sources of light (p. 27)
• 1.7.1 Natural light (p. 27)
• 1.7.2 Artificial light--flame sources (p. 30)
• 1.7.3 Artificial light sources--electric/general illumination (p. 31)
• 1.7.4 Light source characteristics (p. 36)
• 1.7.5 Artificial light sources--electric-signs and -signals (p. 36)
• 1.8 Control of light distribution (p. 41)
• 1.9 Control of light output (p. 41)
• 1.10 Summary (p. 42)
• 2 The visual system (p. 44)
• 2.1 Introduction (p. 44)
• 2.2 The structure of the visual system (p. 44)
• 2.2.1 The visual field (p. 44)
• 2.2.2 Eye movements (p. 45)
• 2.2.3 Optics of the eye (p. 46)
• 2.2.4 The structure of the retina (p. 50)
• 2.2.5 The functioning of the retina (p. 52)
• 2.2.6 The central visual pathways (p. 54)
• 2.2.7 Color vision (p. 56)
• 2.2.8 Conclusions (p. 60)
• 2.3 Continuous adjustments of the visual system (p. 60)
• 2.3.1 Adaptation (p. 60)
• 2.3.2 Photopic, scotopic, and mesopic vision (p. 63)
• 2.3.3 Accommodation (p. 66)
• 2.4 Capabilities of the visual system (p. 67)
• 2.4.1 Threshold measures (p. 68)
• 2.4.2 Factors determining visual threshold (p. 70)
• 2.4.3 Spatial thresholds (p. 71)
• 2.4.4 Temporal thresholds (p. 79)
• 2.4.5 Color thresholds (p. 82)
• 2.5 Interactions (p. 84)
• 2.6 Perception through the visual system (p. 87)
• 2.6.1 The perceptual constancies (p. 88)
• 2.6.2 Modes of appearance (p. 92)
• 2.7 Summary (p. 93)
• 3 The circadian system (p. 95)
• 3.1 Introduction (p. 95)
• 3.2 The structure of the circadian system (p. 96)
• 3.2.1 The retina (p. 97)
• 3.2.2 The suprachiasmatic nuclei (p. 100)
• 3.2.3 The pineal gland (p. 100)
• 3.3 Characteristics of the circadian system (p. 101)
• 3.4 Models of the circadian system (p. 103)
• 3.5 Effects of light exposure on the circadian system (p. 104)
• 3.6 The amount of light (p. 106)
• 3.7 The consequences of trying to work in circadian night (p. 109)
• 3.8 Caveats (p. 117)
• 3.9 Summary (p. 118)
• Part II Generalities (p. 121)
• 4 Lighting and work (p. 123)
• 4.1 Why lighting matters (p. 123)
• 4.2 An overview (p. 123)
• 4.3 Methods of studying light and work (p. 129)
• 4.3.1 Field studies of light and work (p. 130)
• 4.3.2 Simulated work (p. 134)
• 4.3.3 Analytical methods (p. 135)
• 4.3.4 The visibility approach (p. 140)
• 4.3.5 The relative visual performance model (p. 141)
• 4.3.6 Some limitations (p. 153)
• 4.4 Prolonged work (p. 155)
• 4.4.1 Fatigue (p. 155)
• 4.4.2 Mood changes (p. 159)
• 4.4.3 Conclusions (p. 159)
• 4.5 Summary (p. 160)
• 5 Lighting and visual discomfort (p. 162)
• 5.1 Introduction (p. 162)
• 5.2 The characteristics of visual discomfort (p. 162)
• 5.3 General causes of visual discomfort (p. 163)
• 5.4 Specific causes of visual discomfort (p. 165)
• 5.4.1 Uniformity (p. 165)
• 5.4.2 Glare (p. 169)
• 5.4.3 Veiling reflections (p. 181)
• 5.4.4 Shadows (p. 184)
• 5.4.5 Flicker (p. 184)
• 5.5 Discomfort, performance, and behavior (p. 186)
• 5.6 Visual discomfort and lighting quality (p. 188)
• 5.7 Summary (p. 191)
• 6 Lighting and the perception of spaces and objects (p. 192)
• 6.1 Introduction (p. 192)
• 6.2 Simple perceptions (p. 194)
• 6.2.1 Lightness (p. 194)
• 6.2.2 Brightness (p. 195)
• 6.2.3 Visual clarity? (p. 204)
• 6.2.4 Color appearance (p. 206)
• 6.3 Higher-order perceptions (p. 209)
• 6.3.1 The correlation method (p. 209)
• 6.3.2 Multi-dimensional methods (p. 210)
• 6.4 The perception of objects (p. 219)
• 6.5 Summary (p. 220)
• Part III Specifics (p. 223)
• 7 Lighting for offices (p. 225)
• 7.1 Introduction (p. 225)
• 7.2 Illuminance (p. 226)
• 7.3 Light sources for office lighting (p. 232)
• 7.3.1 Daylight (p. 232)
• 7.3.2 Electric light sources (p. 238)
• 7.4 Lighting systems (p. 250)
• 7.4.1 Daylight delivery systems (p. 250)
• 7.4.2 Electric lighting delivery systems (p. 256)
• 7.5 Lighting controls (p. 266)
• 7.5.1 Window lighting controls (p. 266)
• 7.5.2 Manual electric lighting controls (p. 267)
• 7.5.3 Automatic electric lighting controls (p. 272)
• 7.6 Summary (p. 274)
• 8 Lighting for industry (p. 277)
• 8.1 Introduction (p. 277)
• 8.2 The problems facing lighting in industry (p. 277)
• 8.3 General lighting (p. 279)
• 8.4 Localized and task lighting (p. 285)
• 8.5 Visual inspection (p. 285)
• 8.6 Special situations (p. 297)
• 8.7 Summary (p. 300)
• 9 Escape lighting (p. 301)
• 9.1 Introduction (p. 301)
• 9.2 Escape lighting in context (p. 301)
• 9.2.1 Information on the presence of a hazard (p. 302)
• 9.2.2 Information on the recommended course of action (p. 304)
• 9.2.3 Information on carrying out the recommended course of action (p. 305)
• 9.3 Operating conditions (p. 305)
• 9.4 Exit signs (p. 306)
• 9.5 Escape route lighting (p. 311)
• 9.5.1 Ceiling- and wall-mounted luminaires (p. 311)
• 9.5.2 Path-marking (p. 315)
• 9.6 Special situations (p. 318)
• 9.6.1 Smoke (p. 319)
• 9.6.2 People with color defective vision (p. 330)
• 9.6.3 People with low vision (p. 333)
• 9.6.4 People with limited mobility (p. 335)
• 9.7 Escape lighting in practice (p. 336)
• 9.8 Summary (p. 337)
• 10 Lighting for driving (p. 339)
• 10.1 Introduction (p. 339)
• 10.2 The value of light (p. 339)
• 10.3 Vehicle lighting (p. 346)
• 10.3.1 Signal and marking lighting (p. 346)
• 10.3.2 Forward lighting (p. 349)
• 10.4 Road lighting (p. 360)
• 10.5 Tunnel lighting (p. 374)
• 10.6 Signals, signs, and messages (p. 378)
• 10.7 Rain, fog, and snow (p. 387)
• 10.8 Summary (p. 392)
• 11 Lighting and crime (p. 395)
• 11.1 Introduction (p. 395)
• 11.2 Lighting and the incidence of crime (p. 395)
• 11.3 The reason why (p. 404)
• 11.4 Essential characteristics of lighting (p. 406)
• 11.4.1 Illuminance (p. 407)
• 11.4.2 Illuminance uniformity (p. 414)
• 11.4.3 Glare (p. 415)
• 11.4.4 Light source color (p. 415)
• 11.4.5 Design approaches (p. 420)
• 11.5 Special situations (p. 421)
• 11.5.1 Fenced areas (p. 421)
• 11.5.2 Gatehouses (p. 422)
• 11.5.3 Unfenced areas (p. 422)
• 11.5.4 Facade lighting (p. 423)
• 11.5.5 Closed circuit television (p. 423)
• 11.6 Generalization and value (p. 424)
• 11.7 Summary (p. 425)
• 12 Lighting for the elderly (p. 428)
• 12.1 Introduction (p. 428)
• 12.2 Optical changes with age (p. 428)
• 12.3 Neural changes with age (p. 432)
• 12.4 Low vision (p. 432)
• 12.5 The aging of the circadian system (p. 437)
• 12.6 The effects of age on visual performance (p. 438)
• 12.7 What can be done to offset the effects of age? (p. 445)
• 12.7.1 Changing the optics (p. 445)
• 12.7.2 Changing the task (p. 446)
• 12.7.3 Changing the lighting (p. 450)
• 12.7.4 Eliminating the task (p. 455)
• 12.8 Summary (p. 456)
• 13 Light and health (p. 458)
• 13.1 Introduction (p. 458)
• 13.2 Light as radiation (p. 458)
• 13.2.1 Tissue damage (p. 458)
• 13.2.2 Threshold limit values (p. 467)
• 13.2.3 Hazardous light sources (p. 469)
• 13.2.4 Practical considerations (p. 471)
• 13.2.5 Special groups (p. 472)
• 13.2.6 Phototherapy (p. 473)
• 13.2.7 Aging effects (p. 474)
• 13.3 Light operating through the visual system (p. 475)
• 13.3.1 Eyestrain (p. 475)
• 13.3.2 Migraine (p. 476)
• 13.3.3 Autism (p. 478)
• 13.4 Light operating through the circadian system (p. 478)
• 13.4.1 Sleep (p. 478)
• 13.4.2 Seasonally affective disorder (p. 479)
• 13.4.3 Alzheimer's disease (p. 481)
• 13.5 Light as a purifier (p. 483)
• 13.6 Summary (p. 486)
• 14 Codes and consequences (p. 489)
• 14.1 Introduction (p. 489)
• 14.2 Laws, regulations, codes, guides, and practices (p. 491)
• 14.3 Trends in lighting recommendations (p. 494)
• 14.4 Consequences (p. 497)
• 14.4.1 Lighting and energy (p. 497)
• 14.4.2 Lighting and chemical pollution (p. 502)
• 14.4.3 Light pollution (p. 504)
• 14.5 Summary (p. 512)
• 15 The way ahead (p. 514)
• 15.1 Introduction (p. 514)
• 15.2 The limitations of the past (p. 514)
• 15.3 Approaches and measures (p. 515)
• 15.4 Areas of application (p. 519)
• 15.5 Why bother? (p. 520)
• 15.6 Summary (p. 521)
• References (p. 522)
• Index (p. 573)